Shear localization behavior in hat-shaped specimen of near-α Ti−6Al−2Zr−1Mo−1V titanium alloy loaded at high strain rate

The microstructure characteristics in early stage shear localization of near-α Ti?6Al?2Zr?1Mo?1V titanium alloy were investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests using hat-shaped specimens. The microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of hat-shaped specimens were revealed by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. It is found that the nucleation and expansion of adiabatic shear band (ASB) are affected by both geometric and structural factors. The increase of dislocation density, structure fragment and temperature rise in the deformation-affected regions provide basic microstructural conditions. In addition to the dislocation slips, the extension twins detected in shear region also play a critical role in microstructural fragmentation due to twin-boundaries effect. Interestingly, the sandwich structure imposes a crucial influence on ASB, which finally becomes a mature wide ASB in the dynamic deformation. However, due to much larger width, the sandwich structure in the middle of shear region is also possible to serve as favorable nucleation sites for crack initiation.     

In-situ investigation of deformation behavior and fracture forms of Ti/Al/Mg/Al/Ti laminates

In-situ bending and stretching were conducted on hot-rolled and annealed Ti/Al/Mg/Al/Ti laminates, with a focus on crack initiation and propagation of intermetallics and component layers, which helps to clarify their deformation behavior and fracture forms. The results show that delamination is the early fracture form of laminate with or without intermetallics at Al/Mg interface, so Al/Mg interfacial bonding strength determines the mechanical properties of laminate. Various and irregular intermetallics cracks lead to Al/Mg interface delamination in annealed laminate and help to release stress. Necking and fracture of component layers are observed at the late deformation stage, and the sequence is Al, Mg and Ti layers, resulting from their strength. Angle between crack propagation direction and stretching direction of Mg layer both in rolled and annealed laminates is around 45° due to the effect of shear deformation, and crack convergence leads to final complete fracture of Mg layer.     

激光熔覆CoCrFeNiSix高熵合金涂层的组织及性能

目的 研究Si含量对CoCrFeNi高熵合金激光熔覆涂层的组织及性能的影响.方法 利用激光熔覆技术在45#钢基材上制备CoCrFeNiSix(x=0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)高熵合金涂层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试样机,对单道和多道熔覆层的宏观形貌、微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行观察和测试.结果 高熵合金涂层与基体形成良好的冶金结合,添加适量的Si可以提高熔覆层的表面成形性,随着Si的添加,合金的稀释率先增后减,且润湿角逐渐减小.涂层的微观组织随Si含量的升高由等轴晶变为树枝晶,后又变为等轴晶,晶粒结构尺寸减小,涂层致密度提高.涂层由fcc结构变为bcc结构.涂层的显微硬度随Si含量的增加而增加,在x=2.0时,硬度达到600HV0.5左右,约为基体3倍.磨损方式由粘着磨损变为磨粒磨损,当Si含量最高时,磨损量达到最少,摩擦因数也最低,约为0.49.结论 在CoCrFeNi基高熵合金中添加Si可以降低合金的熔点,提高润湿能力;Si还可以增加涂层的形核率,起到细化晶粒的作用;Si作为添加元素还提高了涂层硬度,改善了涂层的耐磨减摩作用.     

催化裂化装置分馏系统腐蚀与防护

催化裂化装置作为石油炼制工业中最重要的二次加工装置,随着原油开采程度的不断加深,加工原油性质的不断劣化,重质油品催化裂化的比例增加,造成催化裂化装置腐蚀趋势加重,影响装置的安全生产。作为重油催化的特有现象分馏塔结盐和顶循环系统腐蚀,已经成为影响装置平稳操作、产品质量和安全生产的重要因素之一。本文简要介绍了催化裂化装置分馏系统的腐蚀及采用的腐蚀防护措施,同时对其中需要注意的问题提出了建议。     

控流装置对中间包钢水流场和洁净度的影响

为研究控流装置对中间包内钢水流场影响,采用水模型和工业验证相结合方法针对某钢厂板坯连铸中间包进行优化。通过对不同控流组合中间包的优化得出,湍流控制器+下挡墙组合最优;通过对下挡墙的位置和高度的优化得出,下挡墙高300mm、距长水口距离1900mm为最佳方案。优化中间包后,钢液在中间包内平均停留时间由304.1s增加至342.1s,死区比例由18.5%降至8.4%。工业试验表明,采用优化后中间包,IF钢铸坯平均氧质量分数降低了16.8%,平均氮质量分数降低12.5%,铸坯10μm以上夹杂占比由8.6%降至6.1%。     

NiTi-NbTi原位复合材料的Lüders带型变形和载荷转移行为

采用电弧熔炼、锻造和拔丝方法原位合成了一种高Nb含量的NiTi-NbTi记忆合金复合材料.TEM显微分析显示,在材料内部纳米尺度的NbTi和NiTi纤维沿丝材轴向交替分布,NbTi纤维体积分数高达约70％.通过同步辐射高能X射线原位拉伸实验研究了复合材料的变形机制.结果显示,虽然NiTi体积分数仅约30％,但复合材料的变形仍受NiTi的应力诱发相变控制.在加载初期,复合材料先发生均匀变形,并且在拉伸曲线出现屈服平台之前,NiTi己发生均匀相变.当平台出现之后,NiTi转而发生Lüders带型相变,进而诱发NbTi也随之发生Lüders带型变形,使整个复合材料都展现Lüders带型变形.Lüders带前沿存在载荷转移现象,载荷由正在发生相变的B2-NiTi同时转移到NbTi相及之前在均匀相变过程中形成的B19'-TiNi马氏体相.     

Photonic envelope detection and fiber transmission of 24 GHz IR-UWB signal based on phase modulation

A novel scheme for photonic envelope detection and fiber transmission of 24 GHz impulse radio ultra-wideband(IRUWB) signal is proposed based on phase modulator(PM). In the system, an optics assisted envelope detection unit(OAEDU) is used for filtering one of the first sidebands at the output of PM, then this narrow band optical signal transfers over single-mode fiber(SMF), and the envelope of 24 GHz IR-UWB signal is obtained after photodetection(PD) and low pass filter(LPF). The numerical simulation results show that the combination of PM and OAEDU can alleviate the fiber chromatic dispersion(CD) effectively. The proposed system may provide a simple and cost-effective solution for IR-UWB receiver.     

基于语音控制的智能假手系统

为了实现对假手的智能控制,文中提出一种基于语音控制的设计方案。语音识别系统接收发音人的语音命令,并将语音命令转换成主控系统能识别的数字信号。主控系统接收数字信号,同时根据命令向指关节发送数据驱动指关节伺服电机正向或反向转动。指关节转动的角度被指关节电位器转换成相应的电信号。主控系统将角度电信号转换成数字信号,并将此数字信号和命令初始数据比较,从而发出修正命令数据,驱动指关节伺服电机走到指定的位置。在抓握不同物品时,本系统中在每个指尖安装有高灵敏度的压力传感器以检测指尖的受力,确保物品既被抓牢又不被压坏,从而实现对假手的智能控制。     

基于“北斗”的语音通讯传输

北斗卫星导航系统是我国自主研发且具有通信能力的区域性卫星导航系统,具有其他导航系统不具备的双向短报文通信功能。针对用户在抢险救灾等各种复杂环境中对语音通讯的需要,在北斗卫星导航系统短报文通信功能的基础上,设计一种可用于语音传输的系统。基于现有的北斗通信终端通过硬件扩展实现语音通信传输功能;通过语音压缩技术解决大量语音数据有效传输的问题。结合试验对语音数据进行分析,系统能顺利进行语音通信,语音质量达到预期效果。     

“风火打捆”交直流外送系统的暂态稳定控制研究

"风火打捆"交直流外送是未来千万千瓦级风电能源基地电力外送的重要方式之一,亟需掌握"风火打捆"交直流外送系统的稳定特性及其机理。功角是反映系统暂态稳定性的主要标志,分析了双馈电机的功角快变特性和"风火打捆"系统等值机械转动惯量对火电机组功角暂态稳定性的影响。针对系统的暂态稳定性问题,提出了一种附加控制策略,并设计出控制装置样机,可提高"风火打捆"系统的暂态稳定性。基于所提附加控制策略的试验样机通过了实时数字仿真器(Real Time Digital Simulator,RTDS)的闭环验证,结果表明:该附加控制策略通过改变直流输送功率和调节风机的有功输出,消除或减小了系统在暂态过程中的瞬时不平衡功率,增强了直流系统和风机对火电机组的等效阻尼作用,有效抑制了火电机组的功角摇摆幅度,提高了"风火打捆"系统的暂态稳定性。